根据开发设计需求架设大型的网站服务器。
主要软件:
apache+jboss+oracle
简称:LAJO
apache+php+mysql
简称:LAMP
proftpd+mysql
简称:LPM
ssh+expect
iptables
bind
mail
|
具体要求:
海量用户访问
海量用户存储
(国内外互通)
南北互通.
|
需求分析:
1.保证高要求高质量高性能,需要选择系*nix操作平台(这里选择as4.3);
2.保证高访问量高数据处理,需要选数商业数据库(这里选择oracle9.2.0.4);
3.解决南北互通(包括国内外互通),需要架设基于bind-view功能的智能DNS服务器.
4.使用流行的B/S,C/S程序架构,需要选择了JBOSS服务器.
5.更好地处理静态页面效果,需要选择了Apache服务器.
6.根据程序注册用户与上传要求,需要架设ftp服务器.
7.时时自动化系统监控,需要架设LAPM服务器.(这里使用软件cacti).
8.公司与客户交流,需要架设邮件服务器.(这里使用postfix+extmail).
9.自动化文件数据处理与安全设置,需expect+ssh+iptables结合shell脚本.
10.海量,需要集群负载均衡与配备存储设备.
|
具体流程:
1.硬件采购.
这里略.
2.操作系统安装
安装redhat as 4.3
系统空间划分(略)
安装开发环境,DNS,LAMP环境所需软件包.
并确认以下包已安装:
compat-db
compat-gcc
compat-gcc-32
compat-oracle-rhel4
compat-libcwait
compat-libgcc
compat-libstdc++-296
compat-libstdc++-33
gcc
gcc-c++
gnome-libs
gnome-libs-devel
libaio-devel
libaio
make
openmotif21
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs
sysstat disk4
openmotif21 disk3
libaio disk3
libaio-devel disk3
freetype-devel disk3
fontconfig-devel disk3
xorg-x11-devel- disk3
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel- disk3
glib-devel disk4
orBit-devel disk4
gtk+-devel disk4
alsa-lib-devel disk3
audiofile-devel disk3
esound-devel- disk3
libjpeg-devel- disk3
libtiff-devel- disk3
libungif-devel- disk3
imlib-devel disk4
gnome-libs-devel disk4
expect disk4
|
注意:我遇到的一个问题：全新的dell服务器1.5T,raid5,没有安装过任何系统，硬盘也没有分区，直接用as4.3安装盘安装提示：内存错误，蓝屏，而安装失败。用了好几种linux系统盘（包括windows安装盘）都如此，（手里没有硬盘格式分区工具，没有测试是否可以硬盘分区。）官方发行版说不支持超过2G内存，于是安装系统时先卸下2G内存，待安装完毕在请求支持超过2G内存的内核安装后就可以支持4G内存了，倘如日后全新安装系统不使用hugemem而使用默认的smp内核也能识别4G内存，更不会出现蓝屏问题。关于之中奥妙，还没有仔细研究过。。。。
#rpm –ivh kernel-elhugemem….rpm
|
修改启动文件grub.conf确保新安装的内核为优先启动.
#cat /etc/grub.conf
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,1)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda8
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-22.ELhugemem)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.ELhugemem ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.ELhugemem.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-22.ELsmp)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.ELsmp ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.ELsmp.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS-up (2.6.9-22.EL)
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-22.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-22.EL.img
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
如果hiddenmenu，下面的内容顺序不对,请修改default=x(x对应ELhugemem项)
重启并加载另外2G内存.
这样让系统支持4G内存的正常运行.
2)系统安装完毕请作连接:
3.配置DNS
由于要南北互通,开源得只有使用view的ACL访问控制列表文件来实现多线路的自动导向.
(当然也有其他的商业解决办法,比如智能路由与交换机的设置来实现,我们这里使用开源的而且容易实现与调整的解决软件bind)
关于view的ACL获得办法有很多途径,这里不一一商讨.
具体架设参考如下
默认安装的bind为9系列的,已经支持view,配置分为三步骤分别如下所示.
(1)修改named.conf
(2)创建与配置hosts
(3)域名解析
#vi /etc/named.conf
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
//
// named.conf for Red Hat caching-nameserver
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
// query-source address * port 53;
};
//
// a caching only nameserver config
//
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";
//modify by mingfu 060404
acl "CNC" {
58.16.0.0/16;
58.17.0.0/17;
58.17.128.0/17;
58.18.0.0/16;
58.19.0.0/16;
58.20.0.0/16;
58.21.0.0/16;
58.22.0.0/15;
58.240.0.0/15;
58.242.0.0/15;
58.244.0.0/15;
58.246.0.0/15;
58.248.0.0/13;
60.0.0.0/13;
60.8.0.0/15;
60.10.0.0/16;
60.11.0.0/16;
60.12.0.0/16;
60.13.0.0/18;
60.13.128.0/17;
60.14.0.0/15;
60.16.0.0/13;
60.24.0.0/14;
60.30.0.0/16;
60.31.0.0/16;
60.208.0.0/13;
60.216.0.0/15;
60.218.0.0/15;
60.220.0.0/14;
61.48.0.0/13;
61.133.0.0/17;
61.134.96.0/19;
61.134.128.0/17;
61.135.0.0/16;
61.137.128.0/17;
61.138.0.0/17;
61.138.128.0/18;
61.139.128.0/18;
61.148.0.0/15;
61.156.0.0/16;
61.159.0.0/18;
61.161.0.0/18;
61.161.128.0/17;
61.162.0.0/16;
61.163.0.0/16;
61.167.0.0/16;
61.168.0.0/16;
61.176.0.0/16;
61.179.0.0/16;
61.181.0.0/16;
61.182.0.0/16;
61.189.0.0/17;
125.32.0.0/16;
125.40.0.0/13;
202.96.0.0/18;
202.96.64.0/21;
202.96.72.0/21;
202.97.128.0/18;
202.97.224.0/21;
202.97.240.0/20;
202.98.0.0/21;
202.98.8.0/21;
202.99.64.0/19;
202.99.96.0/21;
202.99.128.0/19;
202.99.160.0/21;
202.99.168.0/21;
202.99.176.0/20;
202.99.208.0/20;
202.99.224.0/21;
202.99.232.0/21;
202.99.240.0/20;
202.102.128.0/21;
202.102.224.0/21;
202.102.232.0/21;
202.106.0.0/16;
202.107.0.0/17;
202.108.0.0/16;
202.110.0.0/17;
202.111.128.0/18;
203.93.8.0/24;
203.93.192.0/18;
210.13.128.0/17;
210.14.160.0/19;
210.14.192.0/19;
210.15.32.0/19;
210.15.96.0/19;
210.15.128.0/18;
210.21.0.0/16;
210.52.128.0/17;
210.53.0.0/17;
210.53.128.0/17;
210.74.96.0/19;
210.74.128.0/19;
210.82.0.0/15;
218.8.0.0/14;
218.12.0.0/16;
218.21.128.0/17;
218.24.0.0/14;
218.56.0.0/14;
218.60.0.0/15;
218.67.128.0/17;
218.68.0.0/15;
218.104.0.0/14;
219.154.0.0/15;
219.156.0.0/15;
219.158.0.0/17;
219.158.128.0/17;
219.159.0.0/18;
220.252.0.0/16;
221.0.0.0/15;
221.2.0.0/16;
221.3.0.0/17;
221.3.128.0/17;
221.4.0.0/16;
221.5.0.0/17;
221.5.128.0/17;
221.6.0.0/16;
221.7.0.0/19;
221.7.32.0/19;
221.7.64.0/19;
221.7.96.0/19;
221.8.0.0/15;
221.10.0.0/16;
221.11.0.0/17;
221.11.128.0/18;
221.11.192.0/19;
221.12.0.0/17;
221.12.128.0/18;
221.13.0.0/18;
221.13.64.0/19;
221.13.96.0/19;
221.13.128.0/17;
221.14.0.0/15;
221.192.0.0/15;
221.194.0.0/16;
221.195.0.0/16;
221.196.0.0/15;
221.198.0.0/16;
221.199.0.0/19;
221.199.32.0/20;
221.199.128.0/18;
221.199.192.0/20;
221.200.0.0/14;
221.204.0.0/15;
221.206.0.0/16;
221.207.0.0/18;
221.207.64.0/18;
221.207.128.0/17;
221.208.0.0/14;
221.212.0.0/16;
221.213.0.0/16;
221.216.0.0/13;
222.128.0.0/14;
222.132.0.0/14;
222.136.0.0/13;
222.160.0.0/15;
222.162.0.0/16;
222.163.0.0/19;
222.163.32.0/19;
222.163.64.0/18;
222.163.128.0/17;
};
view "view_cnc" {
match-clients { CNC; };
zone "." {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "localhost.rev";
};
include "master/cnc.def";
};
view "view_any" {
match-clients { any; };
zone "." {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "localhost.rev";
};
include "master/telecom.def";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
|
#mkdir /var/named/master
#mkdir /var/named/master/cnc
#mkdir /var/named/master/telecom
#touch /var/named/master/cnc.def
#touch /var/named/master/telecom.def
|
说明:关于如何进行域名解析配置:
@Zone区文件配置:
Master/Cnc.def 网通
Master/Telecom.def 电信
*.def文件里面为解析域名的zone配置区设置部分.
@Hosts 区文件配置
Master/Cnc 网通
Master/Telecom 电信
下面以解析www.xxxx.com为例
#vi /var/named/master/cnc.def
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
zone "xxxx.com" {
type master;
file "master/cnc/xxxx.com";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/telecom.def
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
zone "xxxx.com" {
type master;
file "master/telecom/xxxx.com";
};
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/cnc/xxxx.com
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
$TTL 3600
$ORIGIN xxxx.com.
@ IN SOA ns.xxxx.com. root.ns.xxxx.com.(
2005121013 ;Serial
3600 ; Refresh ( seconds )
900 ; Retry ( seconds )
68400 ; Expire ( seconds )
15 );Minimum TTL for Zone ( seconds )
;
@ IN NS ns.xxxx.com.
@ IN MX xxxx.com.
;;ip for cnc
@ IN A x.x.x.x(网通IP)
www IN A x.x.x.x(网通IP)
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi /var/named/master/telecom/xxxx.com
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
$TTL 3600
$ORIGIN xxxx.com.
@ IN SOA ns.xxxx.com. root.ns.xxxx.com.(
2005121013 ;Serial
3600 ; Refresh ( seconds )
900 ; Retry ( seconds )
68400 ; Expire ( seconds )
15 );Minimum TTL for Zone ( seconds )
;
@ IN NS ns.xxxx.com.
@ IN MX xxxx.com.
;;ip for telecom
@ IN A x.x.x.x(电信IP)
www IN A x.x.x.x(电信IP)
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
|
客服端测试:
nslookup –type=a xxxx.com x.x.x.x(网通任意一个DNS服务器IP)
nslookup –type=a xxxx.com x.x.x.x(电信任意一个DNS服务器IP)
看到的为配置文件中对应ip则解析配置正常.
注意:
上面的xxxxx.com需要修改DNS解析服务器为
ns.xxxxx.com
对应IP为:网通IP.
备注:
1).在这里做了网通与非网通的访问控制,用于实现南北互通,如要国内外互通,需要在列出一个相应的访问控制列表ACL就可以实现了.
2).关于使用tar包编译安装请参看Linux how-to.
4.配置LAJO
软件:
Apache2.0.58
JBOSS.4.0.3SP1
oracle9.2.0.4
Mod-jk1.12
配置:
1)apache+mod-jk
#tar zxvf httpd-2.0.58.tar.gz
#cd httpd-2.0.58
#./configure --enable-MODULE=shared --enable-so --with-mpm=worker
#make&&make install
#tar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-connectors-1.2.14.1-src.tar.gz
#cd /home/software/jakarta-tomcat-connectors-1.2.14.1-src/jk/native
# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
#make
# cp ./apache-2.0/mod_jk.so /usr/local/apache2/modules
|
httpd.conf的修改
该文件的路径位于$APACHE-HOME/conf
上述编译过程中我们选用的worker模式，因此我们将修改worker模块的配置
<IfModule worker.c>
StartServers 4 #最初建立进程的数量
ServerLimit 24 #进程建立的最大数量，硬限制
ThreadLimit 128 #每一进程能创建线程的最大数量，硬限制，该参数建议#和ThreadsPerChild一致，如果ThreadLimit > ThreadsPerChild的话，会造成不##必要的内存消耗。
MaxClients 3072 #同时可以得到处理的客户端的最大数量
MinSpareThreads 100 #所有进程中空闲线程的总数最小数值
MaxSpareThreads 200 #所有进程中空闲线程的总数最大数值
ThreadsPerChild 128 #每个子进程可以建立的固定数量的线程
MaxRequestsPerChild 0 #用于控制服务器建立和结束进程的频率,为0表示没有#限制，但在solaris OS下该值可能会出错，可以设置为1000或2000。根据系统#的并发负载吧。
</IfModule>
同时修改与新增httpd.conf如下内容：
Include conf/mod_jk2.conf
User xxxx
Group 5dxc
DocumentRoot "/site"
<Directory "/site">
NameVirtualHost IP:80
<VirtualHost IP:80>
ServerAdmin foway@163.com
DocumentRoot /site
ServerName IP
ErrorLog logs/ip-error_log
CustomLog logs/ip-access_log common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost IP:82>
ServerAdmin foway@163.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName admin.xxxx.com
ErrorLog logs/ip-error_log
CustomLog logs/ip-access_log common
</VirtualHost>
|
#vi $APACHE-HOME/conf/mod_jk2.conf
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile conf/workers2.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel info
# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"
JkMount /* loadbalancer
#apache will serve the static picture.
#以下命令意味着所有的图片与htm,css,js页面将由APACHE解析其它交由jboss处理
JkUnMount /*.jpg loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.gif loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.swf loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.bmp loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.png loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.js loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.css loadbalancer
JkUnMount /*.htm loadbalancer
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi $APACHE-HOME/conf/ uriworkermap.properties
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
/jmx-console=loadbalancer
/jmx-console/*=loadbalancer
/web-console=loadbalancer
/web-console/*=loadbalancer
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
#vi $APACHE-HOME/conf/uriworkermap.properties
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
worker.list=loadbalancer,status
worker.node1.port=8009
worker.node1.host=192.168.0.192(请填写服务器的IP)
worker.node1.type=ajp13
worder.node1.lbfactor=1
worker.node1.cachesize=10
worker.node2.port=8009
worker.node1.host=localhost
worker.node1.type=ajp13
worder.node1.lbfactor=1
worker.node1.cachesize=10
worker.loadbalancer.type=lb
worker.loadbalancer.balance_workers=node1,node2
worker.loadbalancer.sticky_session=1
worker.status.type=status
////////////////////////文件内容结束///////////////////
注意:如果需要负载:修改
worker.node2.port=8009
worker.node1.host=localhost
worker.node1.type=ajp13
worder.node1.lbfactor=1
worker.node1.cachesize=10
为:
worker.node2.port=8009
worker.node2.host=IP(进行负载的IP地址)
worker.node2.type=ajp13
worder.node2.lbfactor=1
worker.node2.cachesize=10
备注:如果要进行更多的负载….
修改:
worker.noden.port=8009
worker.noden.host=IP(进行负载的IP地址)
worker.noden.type=ajp13
worder.noden.lbfactor=1
worker.noden.cachesize=10
worker.loadbalancer.balance_workers=node1,node2,noden
|
2)jboss安装.
Jboss4.0.3sp1 解压到/site/jboss目录下….
…./ deploy/jbossweb-tomcat55.sar/server.xml中，找8080,修改为8088
Jdk环境变量设定:
Jdk安装:
#chmod 755 jdk-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
#./jdk-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin
Java参数设置:
#ln –s /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_06 /usr/local/jdk
如果你下载的是rpm包请如下操作
#./jdk-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.rpm.bin
#rpm jdk-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.rpm
# ln –s /usr/ jdk1.5.0_06 /usr/local/jdk
#vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
////////////////////////文件内容///////////////////
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME PATH
////////////////////////文件内容///////////////////
|
3) apache+jboos服务启动问题
apache+jboss整合配置已完毕.下面是启动这些服务了.
..用户与权限分配
groupadd –g 5500 xxxx
adduser -u 5500 -s /bin/false -d /bin/null -c "proftpd user" -g xxxx xxxx
修改/etc/passwd文件中的xxxx用户中的”/bin/false”为”/bin/bash”,以便于以后jboss使用.当然你也可以这样做:
adduser -u 5500 -s /bin/bash -d /bin/null -c "proftpd user" -g xxxx xxxx
chown xxxx /site/* –R
chgrp xxxx /site/* -R
chmod 755 /site/* -R
..服务启动
添加如下内容到/etc/rc.local
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
/etc/init.d/jboss start
#vi /etc/init.d/jboss
////////////////////////文件内容开始///////////////////
#/etc/init.d/jboss
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
JBOSS_HOME=/site/jboss
export JBOSS_HOME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CLASSPATH
prog="jboss"
start()
{
#Input the jbos Service log into jboss.log
echo "Jboss4.0.3SP1 Service Starting........" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
echo "-----------------------------------------------" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
date "+%Y-%m-%d %A %T :Jboss Service start" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
echo "-----------------------------------------------" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
su - xxxx -c $JBOSS_HOME/bin/run.sh & >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
touch /var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
}
#Function stop,Stop the Jboss Service auto
#when the Linux Halt
stop()
{
#Input the jboss Service log into jboss.log
echo "jboss Service Stopping........" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
echo "------------------------------" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
date "+%Y-%m-%d %A %T :jboss Service Stop">>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
echo "----------------------------" >>/var/log/xxxx/jboss.log
su - xxxx -c “$JBOSS_HOM
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