技术人员常备工具和命令推荐

技术人员常备工具和命令推荐

如果你是网络管理员或网络支持工作人员，你一定收集了不少自己惯用的工具，这些工具能够节省时间，使你的工作更为简单。以下是17款管理员最喜欢使用的工具和指令集，看它们与你收集的有什么不同。

过去16年里，我一直在帮助人们了解和喜爱他们的电脑，我有一套工具、软件和应用可以帮助我解决一些复杂的问题。尽管不是所有的工具或软件都是最新最好的，但是我对他们已经非常熟悉，并且非常喜欢运用他们，所以我很愿意把它们介绍给大家，希望它们也能成为你们的朋友。

RealVNC
我使用RealVNC已经有些年头。它可能不是功能最全或者最可靠的远程访问工具，但我还是一直用它，因为它是免费的，文件很小（不到150K），安装快速，界面友好，可以完全跨平台使用，而且使用起来特别容易。在多操作系统的环境下，RealVNC特别有用。我可以用家里的Windows系统浏览办公室里的Linux服务器。我在办公室里几乎所有的笔记本、桌面系统和服务器上安装了客户端程序。虽然任何东西也不能取代与用户面对面的交流，但有时能够快速连入他们的电脑解决问题或者给他们演示应该如何进行任务也是有必要的。

EventSentry Light
自从四年前，我们公司从NetWare升级到Windows 2000 Server，EventSentry Light就一直保留在我的工具包里。EventSentry可以在任何安装NT/2000/XP系统的电脑/服务器上运行，帮助网络管理员监控事件，创建日志并发送警报。作为功能完整的EventSentry 的免费版本，它的过滤选项有一些限制，但是没有使用时间限制，只是有时会弹出完整版的广告。我在公司所有的W2k服务器使用EventSentry Light，每当系统日志文件或者某些系统的应用日志文件中出现警报，EventSentry Light就会发出警告电子邮件。在我的邮箱中扫描这些信件比逐个检查每台服务器速度要快得多。

软件升级服务(SUS)
软件升级服务(SUS)是微软公司的免费服务，用来监控和发布关键的微软操作系统升级服务。尽管这一服务远不能尽如人意，但是SUS确实允许管理员自动下载关键升级信息并集中保存，测试，然后确定进行哪种升级。通过与组策略配合，升级在指定时间内被推送到客户端。虽然最开始进行设置时比较困难，但是我们的SUS已经安装并正常运行了两年多。SUS将很快被Windows升级服务（WUS）所取代。

Filemon for Windows
Filemon for Windows是免费的系统实时文件活动监控和显示的应用软件。Filemon的高级过滤和搜索能力使它成为探索操作系统工作方式的有力工具，使用Filemon可以查看应用如何使用文件和DLL，追踪系统问题和应用的配置。每个事件上都标上了精确的时间记号。Filemon可在NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 64-bit 版， Windows 2003 Server, Windows 95, Windows 98和Windows ME等系统下工作。运行Filemon需要进行管理员登陆。这个软件我并不常用，只是在判断难处理的应用冲突时才会使用。在软件运行的时候可以看到显示非常具有吸引力。

MSConfig命令
不知道为什么Windows 98, 98SE, ME, 和XP中都内置了MSConfig，W2K中却没有出现。MSConfig可加快启动进程和快速解决问题。尽管W2K中没有这一工具，但是MSConfig仍然可以运行。MSConfig可用于不同的启动诊断；编辑系统，win和boot.ini；启动和结束服务，并可看到启动时所有正在执行的程序。我经常使用这一工具来诊断无法解释，却没有明显特征的计算机性能方面的问题，用来处理用户拥有管理员权限，并喜欢安装未经允许的应用软件这样的问题，效果很好。

Regmon
Regmon是另一款极具有吸引力的免费工具。Regmon可用来揭开Itanium和x64系统下Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, Windows 95/98/Me, 和Windows 64-bit注册表的神秘面纱。Regmon可以实时显示具体哪个注册码正被访问，以及他们正在读写的注册数据。我曾经使用Regmon来判断被限制的用户需要使用哪一个注册码才能执行某个特殊的应用。

Norton Ghost 2003
如果不是受每台机器需要70英镑授权费的限制，我想我可能会在每台电脑上安装Norton Ghost 2003。Symantec所有产品中，这是一款设计合理稳定的应用软件，而且性能与宣传的完全一样。最初我为高级用户，特别是那些经常外出，总随身带着他们的数据并且对电脑十分依赖的用户的笔记本上安装Norton Ghost 2003。不止一次，我都依靠它才得以迅速为用户完成恢复。

Magical Jelly Bean Key Finder
Magical Jelly Bean Key Finder是一个非常有用的小软件，正如它的名字一样，专为追踪许可号而设计。它可以从注册表中找回Windows的安装产品码。可在Windows 95, 98, ME, NT4, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Office 97, 和Office XP上使用。我曾经在一次内部正版软件审查中，用这个软件证明了我的所有权。

X-Cleaner
X-Cleaner又是一款好用、免费，可使工作更轻松的软件。X-Cleaner可以清除系统中所有因为网上冲浪所生成的碎片。尽管它被吹捧成保护隐私的工具可以完全隐藏使用者留下的记录，但我还是只在用户抱怨浏览器有问题或者当我要把电脑分配给另一个人使用时才会使用X-Cleaner。

Microsoft Visio Viewer
最近我们公司对一个购买30套Visio矢量图软件的申请进行调查时，微软的Visio浏览器为我们节省了几千美金。在与使用者简单交流之后我发现他只是想他部门的人员都能看到他所发出的矢量图文件，而除了他以外别人都不用创建或者编辑矢量图文件。矢量图浏览器可以在微软网站上免费下载， W2K, W2003和XP系统下都可以使用。

3Com Network Supervisor
3Com网络管理员软件是3Com交换机的随机赠品，也可以从其公司网站上免费下载。如果你的网络上有至少一台3Com交换机，那你就可以使用这个软件创建所有与此交换机相连接的设备的拓扑图。在绘制过程中，这款软件可以辨别3Com或者非3Com节点，收集IP和MAC地址以及设备类型这样的信息。另外，它还可以用来诊断一些网络问题。当我需要查找设备的MAC地址时，我总是会用到它。

Qcheck
Qcheck是Ixia公司出品的一款免费网络问题解决工具。你可以用它来测试响应时间，吞吐量和数据流性能等。我们曾经用它来查找网络瓶颈。安全部门也曾经在培训中用它来评测网站支持多媒体数据流的能力。Qcheck可在XP, 2000和NT系统上使用。你可以在任何其他电脑上安装节点软件，然后用Qcheck控制器来测试其他控制器或者节点上的性能参数。这一软件速度很快，易于安装，使用简单。

TrendMicroHouseCall
TrendMicroHouseCall也是我们在日益扩大的反病毒战争中有时会用到的在线防病毒软件。我们经常为用户的家用电脑推荐此软件。它可以快速简单的查出电脑是否有病毒保护，或者防病毒保护是否已经过时。

Google Toolbar
Google工具栏也是我给终端计算机用户的标准配置之一。我发现它对于阻止弹出广告非常有效，最近还加入了新功能，用户可以直接在工具栏上输入关键词，而不用再进入搜索页面。 Google工具栏可以在微软Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP，如果需要阻止弹出功能，则要在IE 5.5以上版本上使用。

Ad-Aware SE Personal和Spyware Scanner
为了保护那些电脑使用经验不足的用户，使用多种不同的数据查找、防止弹出式广告和入侵追踪方法，我们使用和推荐几个免费软件。我们现在的目录上包括可以扫描RAM、硬盘、注册表和外部存储设备上已知恶意软件并将其清出系统的Ad-Aware SE Personal,Bazooka Adware 和 Spyware Scanner。Spyware Scanner可以检测间谍软件、广告软件、木马软件、键盘敲击记录器以及记录追踪软件,并提供清除这些软件的所需信息。

EFax
EFax为电子邮箱提供免费的只收传真服务。对于旅行中偶尔需要收下传真的用户来说是一种非常有用而简单的解决方案。

英文原文:

http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-1035_11-5838225.html?tag=sc#
Takeaway: If you're like most net admins and support pros, you've got a collection of favorite time-saving tools you routinely use to make your life on the job a little easier. Check out this admin's 17 favorite utilities and applets and see how they compare with your favorites.

Over the 16 or so years I've been in the business of helping humans get to know and love their computers, I've acquired a set of tools, utilities, and applications to assist in this sometimes daunting task. Although every tool or applet might not be the latest or greatest, I've developed a familiarity and fondness for each of them and would like to introduce them to you, with the hope that they can become your friends, too.

RealVNC has been with me for a number of years. It might not be the most full-featured or even the most reliable means of remote access, but it has remained my method of choice, as it’s free, small (<150K), fast to install, well-behaved, fully cross-platformed, and extremely easy to use. For mixed OS environments, it’s particularly beneficial. I can use my home Windows PC to view a Linux server in the office. I have the client installed on every notebook, desktop, and server in the company. Nothing can substitute for face-to-face contact with stressed users, but sometimes being able to quickly connect to their computer to fix a problem or show them how to perform some task is all that’s necessary. EventSentry Light has been in my toolbox since we migrated from NetWare to Windows 2000 Server approximately four years ago. EventSentry assists with network administration by running on any NT/2000/XP computer/server, monitoring selected events, creating logs, and sending alerts. As the free version of its full-featured big sister, EventSentry, EventSentry Light has limited options for filtering but will run with no time limitations—just the occasional popup advertisement for the full version. I use EventSentry Light on all our W2K servers to send e-mail alerts every time an error or warning is entered in the System log file and, on some servers, in the Application log file. Scanning these entries in my in-box is much faster than accessing each server individually. Software Update Services (SUS)—a freebie from Microsoft —simplifies the task of monitoring and distributing critical Microsoft OS updates. Although this solution is far from ideal, it does allow the administrator to automatically download the critical updates to a central location, test them, and then select which updates to distribute. Used in combination with group policy, updates are pushed to clients at specified times. Although it was initially difficult to set up, our SUS installation has been running flawlessly for more than two years. SUS will be replaced shortly by Windows Update Services (WUS). Filemon for Windows is a free application that monitors and displays all file system activity on a system in real-time. Its advanced filtering and search capabilities make it a powerful tool for exploring the way the OS works, seeing how applications use the files and DLLs, and tracking down problems in system and application configurations. Every event is precisely time stamped. Filemon works on NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 64-bit Edition, Windows 2003 Server, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. Administrative access is required to run Filemon. I do not use this utility often, but for diagnosing intractable application incompatibility issues, it has been invaluable. Watching the display as the utility runs also has a high geek-appeal. MSConfig, or the Microsoft Configuration Utility, is built in to Windows 98, 98SE, ME, and XP, but not W2K, for some unknown reason. It is used for speeding up the boot process and troubleshooting problems. Although this utility does not come with W2K, it will run on it. MSConfig allows you to perform various diagnostic startups; edit system, win, and boot.ini; start and stop services; and see everything that is running at startup. I frequently use this tool to diagnose unexplained generalized computer performance issues, particularly if the user has administrative access and a penchant for installing unapproved applications. Regmon is another free utility with high geek appeal. It helps demystify the registry on any Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, Windows 95/98/Me, and Windows 64-bit for Itanium and x64 system. Regmon features a real-time display of exactly which registry keys are being accessed and the registry data they are reading and writing. I have used this utility to determine which registry keys a restricted user needs access to in order to run a particular application. If it weren’t for the cost, approximately $70 per license, I would like to have Norton Ghost 2003 on every computer. As with all Symantec products, this is a solid, well-constructed application that performs exactly as described. I use it primarily on the notebook computers of the more advanced users, particularly if they are road warriors who carry their data with them and are very dependent upon their computers. On more than one occasion, I have been able to get a stressed user back up and running thanks to this product. Magical Jelly Bean Key Finder is a useful little utility, with a great name, designed to help with the odious task of license tracking. Key Finder will retrieve your Windows installation product key from your registry. It works on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT4, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Office 97, and Office XP. I’ve used this utility during a self-imposed license audit to match installed products with physical proof of ownership. X-Cleaner is another of those cool, free utilities intended to make a techie’s life just that much better. X-Cleaner will run through your system and eliminate all the detritus accumulated by simply surfing the Web. Although it’s touted as a privacy tool to hide your footsteps, I use it on a routine basis when users complain of browser issues or when I’m transferring a computer from one user to another. Microsoft Visio Viewer recently saved my company a couple of thousand dollars when we investigated a purchase request for 30 copies of Visio. A quick conversation with the user in question revealed that he merely wanted to be able to distribute his Visio files to his department so they could be viewed. No one would be creating or editing the files but him. Visio Viewer can be downloaded for free from Microsoft and can be installed on W2K, W2003, and XP. 3Com Network Supervisor ships free with 3Com switches and can be downloaded from the company Web site. Provided you have at least one 3Com switch on your network, you can use this utility to create a topology of all devices connected to the switch. The discovery process can identify both 3Com and non-3Com nodes, gathering such information as IP and MAC addresses and device type. It can also be moderately useful as a tool for diagnosing some network problems. I use this product anytime I need to lookup a device’s MAC address. Qcheck is a free network troubleshooting tool from Ixia. You can use this utility to test response time, throughput, and streaming performance. We’ve used it to find bottlenecks and evaluate our network’s ability to support the streaming multimedia used by CBT for the Safety department. You can run Qcheck on XP, 2000 or NT. You can install the performance endpoint software, also free, on any other computer and then use the Qcheck console to test various performance parameters between the console and the endpoint or another console. The utility is fast, easy to set up, and simple to use. TrendMicroHouseCall is an online antivirus utility we have occasionally used as one weapon in our defense against the ever-increasing threat of viruses. We frequently recommend it for users’ home computers. It offers a relatively quick and easy method of checking out the status of a computer with no, or out-of-date, virus protection. The Google Toolbar has become part of our standard configuration for end-user computers. We found that it has considerable value in suppressing annoying popups, and a recently added feature allows users to type names directly into the browser address bar instead of having to enter a URL or browse to a search engine. The Google Toolbar can be installed on Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP and requires IE 5.5+ to use the anti-popup feature. To protect our users—particularly the less-disciplined, traveling variety—from the different forms of data mining, advertising, and tracking invasions, we use and recommended a variety of free products. Our current inventory includes Ad-Aware SE Personal, which will scan the RAM, hard drives, registry, and external storage devices for known miscreants and banish them from your system, and Bazooka Adware and Spyware Scanner, which detects spyware, adware, Trojan horses, keyloggers, and trackware components and gives the information you need to remove them. eFax offers a free, receive-only fax service to your e-mailbox. This is a great solution for traveling users who need to receive occasional faxes and provides an easy way to